BRUSSELS (AP) — World leaders urged peace and a return to talks Sunday as the military strikes by the United States and Israel on Iran raised concerns that the violence could spread across the region, with Iran vowing devastating blows after the killing of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

Massive explosions rocked the Iranian capital as Israel's military said it was targeting the “heart” of Tehran, a day after strikes began. Iran pressed on with its retaliation campaign, targeting U.S. military bases in Gulf states.

Iranian officials hurried to plan a future after the death of Khamenei, who had no designated successor, as some Iranians who had long suffered from political repression celebrated.

On streets around the world. there were protests in outrage or celebration. And as the exchange of fire continued, world leaders grappled with how to respond.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz recognized the complexities. In recognition of the legal ambiguity of the U.S. attack, Merz said that, globally, international law was being respected less and less and there was little point in lecturing allies.

He said the Iranian regime was a “terrorist” one, endangering its citizens and the region, and therefore Germany essentially agreed with the goals of the U.S. action.

“The Federal Government shares the relief of many Iranians that this mullah regime is now coming to an end,” Merz said. “Together with the United States and Israel, we share the interest in ending this regime’s terror and stopping its dangerous nuclear and ballistic armament.”

Like others, Merz said Germany did not know whether "the plan to bring about political change from within through external military strikes will succeed.”

‘What comes next is uncertain’

British Defense Minister John Healey on Sunday said Iranian missile and drone strikes came within a few hundred yards (meters) of a group of 300 British military personnel in Bahrain, and that two missiles were even fired in the direction of Cyprus, where the U.K. has bases.

“We don’t believe they were targeted at Cyprus, but nevertheless, it’s an example of how there is a very real and rising threat from a regime that is lashing out widely across the region, and that requires us to act,” Healey told Sky News.

Cyprus government spokesman Constantinos Letymbiotis posted on X that reports suggesting missiles had been fired toward Cyprus were not valid.

Top diplomats from the 27 European Union nations were holding an emergency meeting Sunday to discuss the situation and next steps for the bloc.

“The death of Ali Khamenei is a defining moment in Iran’s history. What comes next is uncertain,” EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas said. “But there is now an open path to a different Iran, one that its people may have greater freedom to shape.”

Pope Leo XIV said he was “profoundly concerned” about the U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran and urged both sides to “stop the spiral of violence before it becomes an irreparable abyss.”

Iran is urged to 'return to your senses'

During a U.N. Security Council on Saturday, the U.N. chief and many countries urged a halt to attacks and a return to negotiations to prevent the conflict from expanding further. Secretary-General António Guterres said everything must be done to prevent an escalation.

Perhaps cautious about upsetting already strained relations with U.S. President Donald Trump, many nations, including several in the Middle East, refrained from commenting directly or pointedly on the joint strikes but condemned Tehran’s retaliation.

The 22-nation Arab League called the Iranian attacks “a blatant violation of the sovereignty of countries that advocate for peace and strive for stability.” That coalition of nations has historically condemned both Israel and Iran for actions it says risk destabilizing the region.

“Return to your senses ... and deal with your neighbors with reason and responsibility before the circle of isolation and escalation widens,” Anwar Gargash, an adviser to the United Arab Emirates’ president, told the Iranian theocracy.

Russia and China criticize the killing of Khamenei

Russian leader Vladimir Putin blasted Khamenei’s killing, which he called “a cynical violation of all norms of human morality and international law."

“The blatant killing of the leader of a sovereign state and the incitement of regime change are unacceptable,” China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi said in a phone call with his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov, according to China’s official Xinhua News Agency. “These actions violate international law and the basic norms governing international relations.”

Wang said attacking a sovereign state without U.N. Security Council authorization undermines the foundation for peace established after World War II.

Some protest and others celebrate

At least 22 people were killed in clashes with police after hundreds of protesters stormed the U.S. Consulate in the Pakistani port city of Karachi, authorities said.

In Iraq, hundreds wore black and waved flags belonging to Iran-backed Iraqi militias and red flags that symbolize vengeance in the Shiite Muslim faith as they marched across Sadr City to decry the killing of Khamenei.

Anger flashed at protests in Istanbul and among Shiite Muslims in India.

Demonstrations were also held from New York to Berlin and beyond by members of the Iranian diaspora and their supporters, celebrating the end of Khamenei’s rule.

Iranians in Paris, Berlin and Vienna were seen cheering and dancing. Some demonstrators waved flags of the Iranian monarchy, with Israeli and U.S. flags also on display. Hopeful Iranians also took to the streets in multiple U.S. cities.

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Ciobanu reported from Warsaw and Metz from Ramallah, West Bank. Reporters around the world contributed to this report.